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Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - Northern Mariana Islands (2002)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z Northern Mariana Islands (2002)

 Arctic Ocean (2001)Northern Mariana Islands (2002)
 Arctic OceanNorthern Mariana Islands
Administrative divisions - none (commonwealth in political union with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four municipalities at the second order; Northern Islands, Rota, Saipan, Tinian
Age structure - 0-14 years: 23.4% (male 9,208; female 8,902)


15-64 years: 74.8% (male 27,041; female 30,781)


65 years and over: 1.8% (male 690; female 689) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products - coconuts, fruits, vegetables; cattle
Airports - 6 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area total:
14.056 million sq km

note:
includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies		 total: 477 sq km


land: 477 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 14 islands including Saipan, Rota, and Tinian
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. Under US administration as part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific, the people of the Northern Mariana Islands decided in the 1970s not to seek independence but instead to forge closer links with the US. Negotiations for territorial status began in 1972. A covenant to establish a commonwealth in political union with the US was approved in 1975. A new government and constitution went into effect in 1978.
Birth rate - 20.29 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget - revenues: $193 million


expenditures: $223 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY 2001/02 est.)
Capital - Saipan
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October
Coastline 45,389 km 1,482 km
Constitution - Covenant Agreement effective 4 November 1986 and the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978
Country name - conventional long form: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands


conventional short form: Northern Mariana Islands


former: Mariana Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
Currency - US dollar (USD)
Death rate - 2.42 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status - commonwealth in political union with the US; federal funds to the Commonwealth administered by the US Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) none
Economic aid - recipient - extensive funding from US
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. The economy benefits substantially from financial assistance from the US. The rate of funding has declined as locally generated government revenues have grown. The key tourist industry employs about 50% of the work force and accounts for roughly one-fourth of GDP. Japanese tourists predominate. Annual tourist entries have exceeded one-half million in recent years, but financial difficulties in Japan have caused a temporary slowdown. The agricultural sector is made up of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts, breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. Garment production is by far the most important industry with employment of 17,500 mostly Chinese workers and sizable shipments to the US under duty and quota exemptions.
Electricity - consumption - NA kWh
Electricity - production - NA kWh
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m

highest point:
sea level 0 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Agrihan 965 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack contamination of groundwater on Saipan may contribute to disease; clean-up of landfill; protection of endangered species conflicts with development
Ethnic groups - Chamorro, Carolinians and other Micronesians, Caucasian, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean
Exchange rates - the US dollar is used
Executive branch - chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001)


head of government: Governor Juan N. BABAUTA (since NA January 2002); Lieutenant Governor Diego T. BENEVENTE (since NA January 2002)


cabinet: NA


elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held NA November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005)


election results: Juan N. BABAUTA elected governor in a four-way race; percent of vote - Juan N. BABAUTA (Republican Party) 49%
Exports - $NA
Exports - commodities - garments
Exports - partners - US
Fiscal year - 1 October - 30 September
Flag description - blue, with a white, five-pointed star superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional foundation stone used in building) in the center, surrounded by a wreath
GDP - purchasing power parity - $900 million


note: GDP numbers reflect US spending (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $12,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - NA%
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 15 12 N, 145 45 E
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean
Heliports - 1 (2002)
Highways - total: 362 km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km (1991)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - $NA
Imports - commodities - food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products
Imports - partners - US, Japan
Independence - none (commonwealth in political union with the US)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - tourism, construction, garments, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate - 5.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 1.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation - ESCAP (associate), Interpol (subbureau), SPC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2001)
Irrigated land - NA sq km
Judicial branch - Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court
Labor force - 6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (1995)
Labor force - by occupation - NA
Land boundaries - 0 km
Land use - arable land: 15.22%


permanent crops: 6.52%


other: 78.26% (1998 est.)
Languages - English, Chamorro, Carolinian


note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home
Legal system - based on US system, except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and taxation
Legislative branch - bicameral Legislature consists of the Senate (9 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year staggered terms) and the House of Representatives (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)


elections: Senate - last held 5 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2003); House of Representatives - last held 5 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2003)


election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 4, Democratic Party 3, Reform Party 1, independent 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 16, Democratic Party 1, Covenant Party 1


note: the Northern Mariana Islands does not have a nonvoting delegate in the US Congress; instead, it has an elected official or "resident representative" located in Washington, DC; seats by party - Republican Party 1 (Pedro A. TENORIO)
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 75.95 years


male: 72.85 years


female: 79.23 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97%


male: 97%


female: 96% (1980 est.)
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines
Map references Arctic Region Oceania
Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the US
National holiday - Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978)
Nationality - noun: NA


adjective: NA
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November)
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) arable land, fish
Net migration rate - 17.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party [Benigno R. FITIAL]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population - 77,311 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 3.49% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) Saipan, Tinian
Radio broadcast stations - AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios - NA
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Telephone system - general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 21,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 1,200 (1995)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (on Saipan and one station planned for Rota; in addition, two cable services on Saipan provide varied programming from satellite networks) (1997)
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic
Total fertility rate - 1.76 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate - NA%
Waterways - none
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